Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) hold promising therapy in regenerative medicine. MSCs are residing many adult and fetal tissue such as in the bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton jelly of the umbilical cord. MSCs, with selfrenewal capacity and transdifferentiation potential are an attractive unlimited cell source for treating diabetic patients. On the other hand, MSCs have well characterized immunomodulatory properties that can suppress inflammatory damage and immune-mediated rejection and by secreting paracrine factors and deposition of the extracellular matrix improve the engraftment of pancreatic islets in micro-environmental niche.Replacement of diseased pancreatic islets by healthy functioning ones from cadaveric donors is a highly effective approach to treat insulin dependent diabetes.
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